They build up the skeletal system in the vertebrates. They are made up of collagen, which is a protein. Bones protect the various organs of the body and provide a support framework for the body. They can also produce red and white blood cells and store minerals. They have a complex internal and external structure. An adult human body consists of bones. Bones are made up of dense connective tissue and contain special bone cells known as osteoblasts, osteocytes and osteoclasts.
Bones have a rich supply of blood through a proper vascular system. They have high compressive strength and can create and replace themselves. Bones also contain an essential mineral called Calcium Phosphate. They can store the calcium and release a part of it into the bloodstream. The thigh bone or Femur is the longest bone in the human body. The stapes in the human ear is the smallest bone. What is Cartilage?
Cartilage is a flexible type of connective tissue found in various parts of the body. It is capable of bending but resists stretching. The primary function of cartilage is to connect the bones of a body together. Cartilages are found in the joints between bones like elbows, knees, ankles, rib cage, discs of the spine, ear, nose, throat and bronchioles.
An osteon is composed of concentric rings of bone lamellae surrounding a central channel. Osteogenesis is a complex process consisting of cell migration, differentiation, extracellular deposition, and mineralization. Intramembranous ossification begins during fetal development with differentiation of mesenchymal cells into osteoblasts, secretion of osteoid , which undergoes calcification to produce bone.
This process forms most flat bones of the skull, mandible, and clavicles. Endochondral ossification begins with the formation of a hyaline cartilage model, which is later replaced by bone. It occurs during the development of most bones and at epiphyseal plates that enable long bones to grow in length. Tooth development odontogenesis is the complex process by which teeth form from embryonic cells, grow, and erupt into the mouth.
Chapter 5 - Cartilage and Bone Cartilage and bone are specialized connective tissues that provide support to other tissues and organs. Three types of cartilage are recognized based on differences in fiber composition: Hyaline cartilage - type II collagen Elastic cartilage - elastic fibers and type II collagen Fibrocartilage - type I and II collagens Cartilage is avascular and its cells rely on diffusion for nutrients.
Hyaline Cartilage Hyaline cartilage contains type II collagen fibers and a highly-hydrated ground substance. MH Trachea. MH Hyaline Articular Cartilage. How bone is made, grows and is nourished. How to recognise the different types of bone , and define their functions.
The processes involved in two types of ossification - endochondral and intramembranous Recognise the zones of an epiphyseal plate , and know about how bone grows, and how and why it is remodelled. It grows on only one side. Bone marrow is present. Bone marrow is absent. Bone cells are called as osteocytes Cartilage cells are called as chondrocytes Bones protect the body from mechanical damage. Cartilage supports the bones and acts as a shock absorbers.
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