But even in the United States, where Muslims are relatively acclimated, extremists have opposed the portrayal of Mohammed on "South Park," the satirical cartoon show, and the subsequent "Draw Mohammed Day," that erupted in response. Ban includes Jesus and Moses. Some Muslim countries banned the films "Noah" and "Exodus" this year because their leading characters were Hebrew prophets. In Sunni mosques, the largest branch of the faith, there are no human images of any kind.
The spaces are instead decorated with verses from the Quran. But there have been historical instances of Muslims depicting the prophet, especially in Shiite branches of Islam, Omid Safi, a religious studies professor at Duke University, told CNN. Even historical renditions of Mohammed by Muslim artists were careful not to paint the prophet in too much detail. Mohammed shown only in shadow. For example, Ahmed told CNN that Muslim artists in the 15th and 16th centuries would depict the prophet but took pains to avoid drawing his face.
In a Muslim film called "The Messenger," which circulated throughout the Muslim world in the s and s, Mohammed was shown only in shadow. Instead, the teaching about images comes from the hadith , a record of the sayings and actions of the Prophet Mohammed and his closest companions. The hadith is considered secondary only to the Quran in terms of textual authority, but the sometimes contradictory accounts have led to centuries of debates within the umma, or global Muslim community.
Scholars of religion say opposition to portraying Mohammed wasn't generally violated in earlier centuries because of a gulf between Western and majority-Muslim nations. Islam also does not allow Allah to be depicted as a human being. This tradition has come to apply to Muhammad and other Muslim prophets too. In Shia Islam, however, images of Muhammad are quite common these days.
But beyond this, the reason many Muslims object to depictions of Muhammad in the western world is the intention behind them. Some, such as the Charlie Hebdo cartoon, are deliberately provocative, and some Muslims consider them to be an attack on their identity.
She said that to a Muslim, a cartoon of Muhammad may spur the same reaction as a Patriotic American may feel seeing a video of someone burning the United States flag. They must balance this with the need to promote respect and tolerance between people of different faiths and beliefs, including in deciding which materials to use in the classroom.
Log In. More widely, Islamic tradition has discouraged the figurative depiction of living creatures, especially human beings. Islamic art has therefore tended to be abstract or decorative. Shia Islamic tradition is far less strict on this ban. Reproductions of images of the Prophet, mainly produced in the 7th Century in Persia, can be found.
The Swedish artist sketched the Prophet Muhammad's head on a dog's body. Published in , the cartoon offended many Muslims. Vilks died, along with two police officers, when their car collided with a lorry.
The Swedish police say there is nothing to suggest that anyone else was involved. There were widespread protests across the Muslim world in after the Danish newspaper, Jyllands-Posten, published 12 cartoons showing Muhammad, with an editorial criticising self-censorship.
Many Muslims found the cartoons insulting and an expression of what they saw as a growing European hostility towards - and fear of - Muslims. The portrayal of the Prophet and Muslims in general as terrorists was seen as particularly offensive. In , Charlie Hebdo's office in Paris was firebombed after it temporarily renamed itself "Charia Hebdo" - a play on "Sharia", or Islamic law - for an issue and invited the Prophet Muhammad to be "editor in chief".
The next year, the satirical magazine published an issue featuring several cartoons that appeared to depict Muhammad naked, amid a global uproar over the release of an anti-Islam film. In , Islamist extremists attacked the offices of Charlie Hebdo, killing 12 people - after it published cartoons of the Prophet Muhammad.
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