This is expressed as,. From these equations, the amount of heat generated depends upon the current and the voltage or the conductor resistance. In the design of heating elements, the resistance is the more important factor. Joule heating is evident in all conducting materials in varying intensities, except for a special type of material known as superconductors.
Generally, for electrically conductive materials, less heat is generated since the charge carriers can easily flow through; while for materials with high electric resistance, more heat is generated.
Superconductors, on the other hand, allow the flow of electricity but do not produce any heat. Usually, heat from conductors is classified as energy loss. Electrical energy used to drive powered equipment generates unnecessary heating in the form of copper loss which ultimately does not produce any useful work.
Heating elements may not only conduct heat but also transfer energy through light and radiation as well. However, this is only true for ideal resistors. Small losses can be derived from the inherent capacitance and inductance of the material which converts the electrical energy into electric and magnetic fields, respectively.
Considering the whole heater system, losses are from the dissipation of heat into the external environment from the process fluid or from the heater itself. Thus, the system must be isolated to utilize all the heat generated.
Almost all conductors are capable of generating heat when an electric current is passed through. However, not all conductors are suited to be made into heating elements.
The right combination of electrical, mechanical, and chemical properties is required. Enumerated below are the properties significant to heating element design. The material properties mentioned in the previous chapter narrows down the selection into a few materials. The most common materials are nickel-chromium alloy, iron-chromium-aluminum alloy, molybdenum silicide, and silicon carbide. These materials can operate at high temperatures due to their resistance to high-temperature oxidation.
Another group is composed of graphite, molybdenum, tungsten, and tantalum. These materials oxidize at high temperatures and are only used in a vacuum environment or in furnaces where the atmosphere is devoid of oxygen. This type is one of the most widely used materials for heating elements due to its ductility, high resistivity, and oxidation resistance even at high temperatures.
Other compositions are available depending on the manufacturer. We will go into this in more detail further on. Another great thing about our elements is that you can have them on show, or disguised if you prefer. For example, if you want to create more of a traditional feel to your interior, you might think that the modern Bluetooth element is a little distracting. To solve this, we supply plenty of different heating element covers in finishes to match your radiator and create a coordinated look.
Our Milano Elizabeth heated towel rails are great examples of this. Can you spot the element? Depending on the function they perform, heating elements are made of different materials. For example, our radiator heating elements are made from stainless steel and ABS.
They also feature a stylish chrome finish to complement other chrome bathroom accessories. However, not all heater designs require metal heating elements. Other elements required by industrial processes are made from extremely heat-resistant engineered materials. For example, high resistance PTC heating elements, refractory ceramics, thick film heaters, polymer PTC rubber and composite materials or sheathed elements containing magnesium oxide powder, to name a few.
Heat lamps such as powerful incandescent lamps also feature radiative heating elements designed to radiate mostly infrared instead of visible light. Electric heating elements must be hardwired into the mains electric by a qualified electrician. Once this has been completed and the element is safely secured inside the radiator, the element does all the work.
The electric current flows from the mains through the element. Then the heating element converts electrical energy into heat. This process is called Joule heating. After that, the heat from the element then heats up the water inside the radiator and the radiator heats the room via convection, like standard radiators.
You might be wondering how electricity and water are able to work together without causing a serious safety hazard. Sitemap Spanish Communication Available. Web Development by PaleoSun, Inc. By entering my personal information into the contact forms, I hereby give consent to TUTCO to collect, process, review, and transfer data in relation to sales and marketing communications, technical support communications, and engineering communications.
I understand Tutco shares personal data with organizations facilitating the above communications. I also consent to the transfer of personal data outside of my country for the purposes described above. Please Note: If you have a file to submit with your inquiry, please email it to info farnam-custom. Toggle navigation Tutco-Farnam Custom Products. Standard Products. Home Resources Engineer Talk Heating Elements This article identifies different types of electric heating elements, highlights important considerations when determining a heater solution, and finally looks at some of the less obvious costs.
What is a Heating Element? Flexible Heaters. Warming Cabinet Story Sometimes lowering the temperature of the heating element is the best solution. Installation Joy During a visit with a long time customer, we were walking the factory floor. An Elegant Solution Farnam has a customer that makes pump houses for the oil and gas industry. Cost Savings Retrofit A customer of ours was using an old screw flange style light bulb to heat their pneumatic delivery systems for moisture prevention and freeze protection.
No More Production Headaches We learn that one of our customers was sourcing a minimum order of 3, fans at a time with a 20 week lead time from China. Resin Drying While visiting a long term customer in the plastic process, resin drying business we went to lunch with our buyer and the service manager.
Flexo Printing The flexographic industry heavily uses our Flow Torches. Tire Refill Station Nicer convenience stores and truck stops have vacuums for cleaning your vehicle and air compressors to fill your tires. Chocolate Enrobing A customer that makes chocolate enrobing equipment for the confectionery industry was seeking a better solution for melting chocolate.
Safety Stock Program During a customer meeting with a heat staking client, we were trying to avoid the rush-rush orders they were constantly placing. Table of Contents What is a Heating Element?
How Much Wattage do I Need? Watts Killing Your Heater? Question: What is a heating element? Answer: A heating element is a component composed of both electrically conductive as well as insulating material, designed to serve a heating purpose.
The fundamental core of an electric heater is the heating element alloy within that turns electrical energy into heat energy when subjected to a current. The electrically insulating material is usually mica or ceramic.
Additional framework materials required for a heater to hold its shape and withstand the conditions of an application will vary depending upon the application. All electric heaters have terminations in order to attach the heater to a power source. This may be in the form of wire leads, screw terminals, custom plugs, or any number of other methods.
A heating element is more than its material makeup. Share This Article: Share on Facebook. Tweet it. Share on LinkedIn. Follow Us on LinkedIn. Follow us on:. Heating Project. Human Resources. What Are You Heating? Forced Air. Still Air. Forced Air Specifications. Inert Gas. Control Panel. Inlet Temperature. Exhaust Temperature. Available Supply Voltage. Quantity of Heaters. Still Air Parameters Enclosure Heaters.
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Custom Solution. Enclosure Heating. Heating a Room. Heating a Stream of Air. High Flow. Low Flow. Heating a Solid. Forced Convection. Heating a Liquid. Absorbing a Load. Engineering Help. Heater Hook-up Help. Auto Tuning. These elements work with heaters that produce large amounts of power in the cold. As a result, these heat up quickly and maintain a constant temperature. In composite heating elements, tubular or sheathed elements create a fine coil of nichrome resistant heating alloy wire.
The composite heating elements can be incorporated into appliances, such as a toaster oven, as a straight rod. Conversely, composite elements can be bent and incorporated into appliances, such as electric stoves, ovens or coffee makers.
Many heating elements contain their part number on the actual element. This helps identify the part, which aids in replacement. For example, knowing the exact part helps technicians address any issues with heating elements in particular, in a furnace. All furnaces list the model and serial number in a visible area to assist in finding replacement parts.
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