It can be performed under local or general anaesthetic. Natural methods or fertility awareness methods of contraception include rhythm, symptothermal, cervical mucus observation and basal temperature methods. This is to determine when you are potentially fertile during your menstrual cycle.
Practising natural methods of contraception requires you to abstain from not have sex when you could get pregnant. Depending on your menstrual cycle, you may need to abstain from sex for up to 16 days. Fertility awareness methods are not recommended in some circumstances — for example if you:. The effectiveness of natural family planning varies, depending on which method or combination of methods is used. There are various types of emergency contraception that you can use after unprotected sex.
The copper IUD is the most effective method of emergency contraception. It can be inserted within five days of unprotected intercourse or, if the date of ovulation can be estimated, up to five days after ovulation, in women for whom they are suitable. Another advantage of copper IUDs is that they can provide effective contraception for at least five and up to 10 years.
It is not per cent effective in preventing pregnancy. There are two types of emergency contraceptive pill, both available at pharmacies without a prescription:. Ulipristal has been clinically demonstrated to be more effective than levonorgestrel in reducing the risk of pregnancy when taken up to five days hours after unprotected sex.
It is not recommended that you use emergency contraceptive pills as your usual method of contraception. Using a reliable form of contraception is the best protection against unintended pregnancy.
Ask your GP or reproductive health nurse for advice. This page has been produced in consultation with and approved by:. Did you know that deaths from injury are 2. That men are more likely to die from preventable diseases? Some abortion services in Victoria offer reduced fees to students, healthcare card holders and those experiencing financial difficulty.
In Victoria, you can have two types of abortion: surgical and medication. Both types are safe and reliable. You can have a medication abortion up to nine weeks of pregnancy. You can have a surgical abortion from around six weeks of pregnancy onwards. Mifepristone, also called RU or the 'abortion pill', is used to terminate end a pregnancy up to nine weeks.
Abortion is one of the most common and safest types of surgery in Australia. Content on this website is provided for information purposes only. Information about a therapy, service, product or treatment does not in any way endorse or support such therapy, service, product or treatment and is not intended to replace advice from your doctor or other registered health professional.
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Actions for this page Listen Print. Summary Read the full fact sheet. On this page. Choosing the right contraception for you Contraceptive protection from STIs Long acting reversible contraception Combined contraceptive pills and vaginal rings Barrier methods of contraception Permanent methods of contraception Natural methods of contraception Emergency contraception Where to get help.
There are many contraceptive methods available in Australia, including implants, intrauterine devices IUDs, both copper and hormonal , injections, pills, vaginal rings, barrier methods male and female condoms and diaphragms , female and male sterilisation, emergency contraception and natural methods natural family planning.
Choosing the right contraception for you When you are choosing the method of contraception that is right for you, it is important to have accurate information and to talk openly about your options with any partner.
Contraceptive protection from STIs As well as preventing an unintended pregnancy, it is also important to practise safer sex. Long acting reversible contraception Long acting reversible contraception LARC gives safe, effective contraception over a number of years how long varies, depending on the type. Both IUD types are safe in breastfeeding and are not affected by other medications. A male, or external, condom made from latex, polyurethane, and polyisoprene can prevent pregnancy and offer protection from STIs.
Natural or lambskin condoms can only prevent pregnancy. People can use condoms during vaginal, anal, and oral sex. Using them with spermicide increases the level of protection.
These condoms are inexpensive and widely available. Some disadvantages involve the possibility of an allergic reaction to latex and a change in sexual sensation. Also, the user needs to put on the condom during sex, which can be briefly disruptive. Learn more about the different types of condoms and how to use them. However, researchers have called for more studies to confirm how effective they are against specific infections.
They are suitable for use during anal and vaginal sex, and a person can use them with spermicide. Using a lubricant can keep the condom from slipping and tearing. People should not use internal and external condoms at the same time, as this can cause tearing. Find out more about female condoms. Male and female condoms are available for purchase online. Diaphragms are shallow silicone cups used with spermicide. A person inserts the diaphragm into their vagina to prevent pregnancy.
A diaphragm is safe during breastfeeding and does not affect hormone levels. One risk is that it may become dislodged during sex. The diaphragm needs to stay in the vagina for at least 6 hours after sex to prevent pregnancy, but it should stay in the body no longer than 24 hours, to reduce the risk of infection. A person needs to use more spermicide if they want to have sex again and the diaphragm has been in place for more than 3 hours.
Side effects and complications include allergic reactions and irritation, and an increased risk of UTIs and toxic shock syndrome. In the past, doctors needed to fit a diaphragm and refit if the person gained or lost more than 7 pounds.
With newer types, however, this may not be necessary. Find out more about diaphragms and how to use one.
Cervical caps and shields are silicone cups that fit over the cervix in the vagina. This method is safe while breastfeeding and does not affect hormone levels. Using the cap or shield with spermicide will improve its effectiveness.
Caps and shields can be hard to put in place, and there is a chance of them dislodging. There are also risks of abnormal pap smears, an allergic reaction, and toxic shock syndrome.
A cervical cap must stay in place for at least 6 hours after sex and be removed within 48 hours. A sponge is a plastic foam disk that contains spermicide, and a person inserts it into the vagina. The sponge does not affect hormone levels, there is no need for fitting, and it is safe to use when breastfeeding. However, a person may have a reaction to the spermicide, and it may lead to vaginal irritation and dryness.
Leaving the sponge in can increase the risk of toxic shock syndrome. Also, it can be hard to insert, and there is a risk of it breaking. Sponges and other birth control products are available for purchase online. Spermicides prevent pregnancy by killing sperm. They are available as foams, gels, creams, films, suppositories, and tablets. A spermicide can increase the effectiveness of barrier methods, such as condoms and diagrams. This means that out of every people who use it, 28 will become pregnant.
For this reason, it is best to use spermicide with another method. Spermicide is easy to use and widely available. It is also safe during breastfeeding and does not affect hormone levels. However, some people may have an allergic reaction or irritation.
There are various hormonal methods of birth control, including pills, patches, injections, intrauterine devices IUDs , and vaginal rings. Some may cause or increase the risk of adverse effects, including a heart attack , stroke , blood clots, high blood pressure , liver tumors, gallstones , and jaundice. A doctor can recommend a suitable contraceptive, taking into account the risk factors above.
Hormonal methods do not protect against STIs, so it is a good idea to also use a barrier method of protection, such as a condom. Birth control pills contain either a combination of the hormones estrogen and progestin or just progestin. This could be due to forgetting a dose, having diarrhea, vomiting, or taking certain medications at the same time. The pill may also help manage menstrual problems and premenstrual syndrome, better known as PMS, and it may improve acne.
The pill may also offer some protection against endometrial and ovarian cancers. However, it may cause adverse effects, such as breast tenderness, mood changes, and menstrual changes or spotting. It may also slightly increase the risk of breast cancer. The risks depend on the specific type of pill. It is less likely to be effective in people who weigh pounds or more. A person wears a patch for 21 days , then removes it for 7 days.
Possible adverse effects include skin irritation, menstrual changes, mood changes, sore breasts, headaches, weight gain, an increase in blood pressure, and gastrointestinal problems. Learn more about the patch. Given every 3 months , Depo-Provera is an injectable form of birth control that uses the hormone progestin to prevent pregnancy. Cons include: It can tear or come off during sex if not used properly; some people are allergic to latex condoms. The oral contraceptive pill is the most commonly reported method of contraception used by Australian women.
The combined pill contains estrogen and progestin and mini pill contains only one hormone , a progestin. The pill can have many benefits, however remembering to take it on time is a must. The pill is only available by getting a prescription from a medical professional so visit your local doctor or sexual health clinic.
It's a long-acting and reversible method of contraception, which can stay in place for three to 10 years, depending on the type. Some IUDs contain hormones that are gradually released to prevent pregnancy. The IUD can also be an effective emergency contraception if fitted by a healthcare professional within five days hours of having unprotected sex.
Cons include: Irregular bleeding and spotting occurs in the first six months of use; requires a trained healthcare provider for insertion and removal; does not protect against STIs. The hormone stops the ovary releasing the egg and thickens the cervical mucus making it difficult for sperm to enter the womb.
The implant requires a small procedure using local anesthetic to fit and remove the rod and needs to be replaced after three years. Cons include: Requires a trained healthcare provider for insertion and removal; sometimes there can be irregular bleeding initially; does not protect against STIs.
The injection contains a synthetic version of the hormone progestogen. Cons: The injection may cause disrupted periods or irregular bleeding; it requires keeping track of the number of months used; itdoes not protect against STIs. This pill contains special doses of female hormones. Any woman can take the emergency contraception pill, even those who cannot take other oral contraceptive pills.
It can be bought over the counter at a pharmacy or chemist without a prescription. The common side effects of the emergency contraceptive include nausea, vomiting and the next period may be early or delayed. Emergency contraception does not protect against STIs.
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